1861–1870: THE U.S. CIVIL WAR DESTROYED SLAVERY; RECONSTRUCTION GAVE BLACKS CITIZENSHIP—Birthright Citizenship Under Attack, Part 1
By Sasha Alex Lessin, Ph.D. (Anthropology, UCLA)
See the video below this post for more on the Black vote and Trump’s attempt to exclude Blacks from voting.
When Southern states seceded in 1860–1861, the central dispute concerned the Anunnaki-inculcated attachment to slavery, elite domination, and violence against any challenge to the authority of Whites over Blacks.
The Civil War began in April 1861. President Abraham Lincoln initially emphasized preserving the Union. Emancipation, however, became an increasingly central Union war policy.
Freed slaves escaped plantations, assisted Union forces, and served in the military.
General Grant, commander of Union forces in the Civil War, defeated the South. But after Southern sympathizer Booth murdered Lincoln, Lincoln, to show tolerance for Southerners, had chosen the racist Southerner, Andrew Johnson, as his vice president.
The Emancipation Proclamation took effect on January 1, 1863, declaring enslaved people in designated areas in rebellion against the United States free.
The Thirteenth Amendment, ratified in December 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime following conviction.
CONGRESS OVERRODE RACIST PRESIDENT JOHNSON’S VETO TO ENACT THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866
Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, establishing citizenship for people born in the United States and not subject to a foreign power, with an exclusion concerning certain Native Americans.
President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation. He objected to its implications for federal authority and questioned citizenship for groups including Chinese immigrants. Congress overrode his veto.
14TH AMENDMENT
Congress then proposed the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, which established a constitutional guarantee of citizenship. Amendment 14 stated, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.” The amendment did not define citizenship by race or former enslavement.
15TH AMENDMENT
The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, prohibited federal and state governments from denying voting rights because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Together, the 14th and 15th Amendments transformed American constitutional law.
However, women still lacked a nationwide constitutional guarantee against sex-based voting discrimination.
Black citizens still faced intimidation, exclusion, and disenfranchisement then, as they do still, to this very day, under the Trump regime.
In Johnson’s day, Black Union veterans complained, “We helped preserve this nation. Freedom must include our legal recognition, protection, and a voice in government.”
Northern state congressmen warned, “If states can deny citizenship to people born under their authority, they can undermine emancipation through new forms of legal exclusion.”
Former Confederate politicians countered that the federal government should not dictate the composition of state politics.
There’s way more to this story; watch for Birthright Citizenship Under Attack, Part 2.
Share this post; support birthright citizenship.
Accompanying video
Why the US Has Birthright Citizenship — YouTube
1861–1870: THE U.S. CIVIL WAR DESTROYED SLAVERY; RECONSTRUCTION GAVE BLACKS CITIZENSHIP—Birthright Citizenship Under Attack, Part 1
>
By Sasha Alex Lessin, Ph.D. (Anthropology, UCLA)
>
See the Video below this post for more on the Black Vote and Trump’s attempt to exclude Blacks from voting.
>
When Southern states seceded in 1860–1861, the central dispute concerned the Anunnaki-inculcated attachment to slavery, elite domination, and violence against any challenge to the authority of Whites over Blacks.
>
The Civil War began in April 1861. President Abraham Lincoln initially emphasized preserving the Union. Emancipation, however, became an increasingly central Union war policy.
>
Freed slaves escaped plantations, assisted Union forces, and served in the military.
>
General Grant, Commander of Union forces in the Civil War, defeated the South. But after Southern sympathizer Booth murdered Lincoln, Lincoln, to show tolerance for Southerners, had chosen the racist Southerner, Andrew Johnson, as his Vice President.
>
The Emancipation Proclamation took effect on January 1, 1863, declaring enslaved people in designated areas in rebellion against the United States free.
>
The Thirteenth Amendment, ratified in December 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime following conviction.
>
CONGRESS OVERRODE RACIST PRESIDENT JOHNSON’S VETO TO ENACT THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866
>
Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, establishing citizenship for people born in the United States and not subject to a foreign power, with an exclusion concerning certain Native Americans.
>
President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation. He objected to its implications for federal authority and questioned citizenship for groups including Chinese immigrants.
Congress overrode his veto.
>
14th AMENDMENT
>
Congress then proposed the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, which established a constitutional guarantee of citizenship. Amendment 14 stated, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.” The amendment did not define citizenship by race or former enslavement.
>
15th AMENDMENT
>
The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, prohibited federal and state governments from denying voting rights because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
>
Together, the 14th and 15th Amendments transformed American constitutional law.
>
However, women still lacked a nationwide constitutional guarantee against sex-based voting discrimination.
>
Black citizens still faced intimidation, exclusion, and disenfranchisement then, as they do still, to this very day, under the Trump regime.
>
In Johnson’s day, Black Union Veterans complained, We helped preserve this nation. Freedom must include our legal recognition, protection, and a voice in government.”
>
Northern state congressmen warned. If states can deny citizenship to people born under their authority, they can undermine emancipation through new forms of legal exclusion.
>
Former Confederate politicians countered that the federal government should not dictate the composition of state politics.
>
There’s way more to this story; watch for Birthright Citizenship Under Attack, Part 2.
>
Share this post; support birthright citizenship.
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